贈與諾言的效力分析

時間：2024-07-09 00:54:35 法律畢業(yè)論文我要投稿

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贈與諾言的效力分析

摘要

贈與諾言是贈與人單方向受贈人發(fā)出的意思表示，是1種單方允諾的民事法律行為。而贈與合同是雙方當(dāng)事人意思表示1致的結(jié)果，即贈與人將自己的財產(chǎn)無償給予受贈人，受贈人表示接受贈與的合同。2者產(chǎn)生的基點都是由贈與人引發(fā)的，為自己預(yù)先設(shè)定某種義務(wù)，而賦予對方當(dāng)事人無償取得某物的權(quán)利。在我國《合同法》頒布之前，司法實務(wù)界與理論界對贈與合同的定性爭論不休，為了規(guī)范贈與人與受贈人的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系，合同法把它規(guī)定為諾成性合同，但對贈與諾言的相關(guān)規(guī)定卻知之甚少。相反英美合同法卻對贈與諾言的研究是比較深入的，它突破了傳統(tǒng)的對價理論的模式，建立了信賴理論，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了“允諾禁反言”原則。它把贈與人的道德義務(wù)上升為法律義務(wù)，即贈與人應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守允諾，不得食言。借鑒英美合同法對贈與諾言的研究成果進1步豐富和完善我國合同法。

關(guān)鍵詞：贈與諾言；贈與合同；英美合同法；信賴利益；允諾禁反言

Abstract

The donation of promise means the donor’s unilateral expression of intention to the donee, a sort of unilateral action in the civil law. While the donative contract is the result of the same intention of the bilateral litigants, the donor gives his/her property gratuitously to the donee and the latter accepts the donation. The basic point of the two is both produced by the donor, establishing a certain right for himself/herself, and making the donee have the right to get something free. Before the contract law is promulgated in our country, the judicatory department enforcing the law and the judicatory theoreticians argued about the nature of the donative contract. In order to regulate the relationship between right and obligation of donor and donee, the contract law regulates the donation contract as undertaking contract, but has little idea of the regulations related to the donation of promise. On the contrary, Anglo-American contract law, breaking the traditional Consideration theory type, creating the reliance theory and putting forward the doctrine of promissory estopped on its basis, has profound research about the donation of promise. It ascends the donor’s moral obligation to legal obligation, i.e. the donor ought not to break his/her promise. Using the achievements about the donation of promise in Anglo-American contract law for reference can enrich and perfect the contract law in our country.

Key words: the donation of promise ; the donative contract; Anglo-Ameri-
can contract law; the reliance interest; promissory estopped
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