高中階段It常用句型解析及運用
一、It作形式主語1.It 代替不定式，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：
It+ be+ adj./ n. +( for sb )to do sth;
It+ be+ adj. +of sb to do sth
It takes +sb+一段時間+ to do
①It is important for us to master a foreign language.對于我們來說，掌握一門外語是十分重要的。
②It is very kind of you to help me with my English.你幫我學(xué)英語，真是太好了。
③It will take about two days to drive to Shanghai.開車去上海大約要兩天的時間。
2.It代替動名詞，常用于下列句型中：
It is no use doing sth. 做……沒有用。
It is no good doing sth. 做……沒好處
It is fun doing sth. 做……有趣
①It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。
②It’s no good eating some fast food.吃快餐是沒有好處的。
③It’s great fun jumping into the swimming pool in summer.夏天跳進(jìn)游泳池里游泳是件有趣的事。
3.It代替that從句，常用于下列句型中：
It be +adj./ n. +that從句
It be +過去分詞+ that 從句
It seems / appears / happens / turns out that 從句
It occurred to sb+ that從句
①I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s said that it’s quite a good one.
我不知道這家飯館，但聽說相當(dāng)不錯。
②It is clear that he has made a mistake. 很明顯他犯了一個錯誤。
③It turns out that we’ll have a happy, peaceful festival.結(jié)果是我們又將度過一個歡樂祥和的節(jié)日。
④It occurred to me that I had left the key at home.我突然想到我把鑰匙落在家里了。
二、It 作形式賓語
1.當(dāng)賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞、賓語從句，且其后有賓語補足語時，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，通常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語置于句末。常用it作形式賓語的動詞有：believe相信，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，feel感覺，think認(rèn)為，guess猜想，discover發(fā)現(xiàn)，notice注意到，make使……，讓……等。
①I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.我認(rèn)為要掌握一門外語而沒有大量的記憶是不可能的。
②I feel it hard to persuade my father to give up his plan.我覺得說服父親放棄計劃很難。
③He makes it a rule to keep a diary every day.寫日記成了他每天的習(xí)慣。
④Don’t take it for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. 不要認(rèn)為那些在入學(xué)考試中考得高分的就是最成功的人。
2.某些及物動詞或短語不能直接加賓語從句，此時須用it作虛設(shè)賓語，然后接賓語從句，此種用法常用于like，dislike，hate， appreciate, depend on等后。
①I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我討厭人說話時嘴里含著食物。
②I like it when you kiss me.我喜歡你吻我的時候。
③You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.你可以相信所有的貨物都會及時用船運到國外去。
④I’d appreciate it if you would like to help me to solve the problem.
如果你肯幫我解決那個問題。
三、It 引起的幾個易混時間句型
1.It’s time…該做……
本結(jié)構(gòu)中，time之后可接動詞不定式或that 從句，在從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，用“should+動詞原形”（should不可省略）或用動詞的過去式。
①It’s time for us to have breakfast.該吃早飯了。
②It’s time that I picked up my son from school.我該去接我的兒子了。 2. It/ That / This + was + the first (second…) time that sb had done sth.這是sb第幾次做sth。
此結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語除了用it之外，還可以用this， that等，其中序數(shù)詞也可以修飾day，month，year等名詞。That從句中一般使用完成時態(tài)。
①This is the first time that he has visited China.這是他第一次到中國旅行。
②It was the fourth time that they had defeated the Japanese team.這是他們第四次擊敗日本隊。
3. It was / took long( hours, days, years, etc )+before sb did sth. 過了多久……才……
It will be/ take long( hours, days, years, etc) +befor sb do sth. 要過多久……才……
以上結(jié)構(gòu)表示某一動作從現(xiàn)在起到將來某時刻之前發(fā)生的這一段時間，也可以表示某一動作從過去某時刻起直到過去另一時刻發(fā)生的若干時間。
①It will be/ take two years before we meet again.我們兩年之后再見面。
②It was / took a long time before I got to sleep last night.昨晚我很長時間才入睡。
4.It is +years(days, weeks, months, etc) +since sb did sth.，本結(jié)構(gòu)表示某一動作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束是以since從句來表現(xiàn)的。
—What is the party like?聚會進(jìn)行得怎樣？
—Wonderful. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.很好。我好幾年沒有玩得這么開心了。
5.It is/ was +具體時間+when從句
本結(jié)構(gòu)是定語從句句型，具體時間是先行詞，關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句。
①It’s 8 o’clock when I get home from work every day. 每天我下班回家時已經(jīng)八點了。
②It was six o’clock in the morning when they got up and did morning exercises.他們起床早操是在早上六點鐘。
四、it 作強調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
強調(diào)句型的基本形式是：It is / was +被強調(diào)部分+ that / who +其余部分。這一句型通常強調(diào)主語、賓語、表語及狀語，一般不強調(diào)謂語。
1.注意謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)的一致性。
在強調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)強調(diào)主語時，其后謂語動詞應(yīng)和被強調(diào)部分的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
①It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.是瑪麗和湯姆一直在做好事。
②It is I who am going to Shenzhen next month.是我下個月要去深圳。
2.在強調(diào)時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，要用that而不用when，where，why或how。
①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.大約600多年前，第一個帶有鐘面和時針的鐘面世了。
②It was in Greece that Olymhttps://p.9136.com/28petitions first started.奧林匹克競賽始于希臘。
③It was because her mother was ill that she was absent from the meeting yesterday. 昨天是因為她媽媽生病了，她才沒有來開會。
3.對not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中until引導(dǎo)的短語或從句進(jìn)行強調(diào)時，需用“It is/ was not until… that…”這一固定句型。That從句中謂語動詞要用肯定式。
①It is not until he approves that we will start our project.直到他同意我們，才會開始我們的項目。
②It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年，正式的廣播才開始出現(xiàn)。
4.特殊疑問句只有疑問詞可以被強調(diào)，其句型是：疑問詞+is/ was +it+that從句。當(dāng)這個強調(diào)句用作從句時，強調(diào)句式用陳述句語序。
①I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter who it is I’m talking to.我一直是個誠實和直爽的人，我在和誰說話并不重要。
②When was it that you began to learn French？你是從什么時候開始學(xué)法語的？
③I really didn’t know where it was that the old man lost his purse.
我真不知道老人是在什么地方丟了錢包。
五、強調(diào)句與主語從句及定語從句的辨析
1.含有主語從句的句子譯成漢語時，不可加上“正是”或“就是”之類的字眼，而強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)可以；含有主語從句的句子若去掉“It be…who/ that…”，則原句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義均不成立，而強調(diào)句去掉結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志仍成立。試比較：
It is important that you study hard at young age.年輕時努力學(xué)習(xí)非常重要。（主語從句）
It was in the street that we happened to see her.在街上我們碰巧遇見了她。（強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）
2.若that或who 可有可無（結(jié)合it be分析），則為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則是定語從句。試比較：
It was Tom who came from a small mountain village that won the first prize in the contest.正是湯姆，一個來自于小山村的男孩，獲得了比賽的第一名。
who在從句中作主語，不可省略，故本句為定語從句；后面的that連詞同it was 可以去掉，整個句子為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。
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