職稱英語(yǔ)考試關(guān)于分詞的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
職稱英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要差別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。分詞可以有自己的狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)等。
1、分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。作狀語(yǔ)的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
Hearing the news， they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations， you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom， laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend， he went to the railway station.Given better attention， the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed， visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.
分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。
Taught by mistakes and setbacks， we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. .Inspired by the International， the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. ____the earth to be flat， many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge.
A)shavingsbelieved B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
本句意思為：相信地球是平的，許多人擔(dān)心哥倫布會(huì)從邊上掉下去。許多人與相信之間是主謂關(guān)系，及分詞與主語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系。因此，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，答案為B.
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