英語四級語法復(fù)習(xí)之狀語從句

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英語四級語法復(fù)習(xí)之狀語從句

　　一、狀語從句

　　狀語從句：兩個獨立的句子中間用一些含義不同的連接詞連接;狀語從句用來表達兩個句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系;分成原因狀語、條件狀語、結(jié)果狀語、時間狀語、地點狀語、讓步狀語、目的狀語、比較狀語、方式狀語等九大類型;

　　eg：I got up late.

　　I was late for school.

　　Because I got up late, I was late for school. (原因狀語從句)

　　I got up late，so I was late for school. (結(jié)果狀語從句)

　　1. 地點狀語：

　　地點狀語從句通常由where，wherever，everywhere 引導(dǎo);

　　eg：Where I live there are plenty of trees.

　　Wherever you work, you will gain much valuable experience as long as you are willing to work.

　　Wherever=no matter where

　　Everywhere they went, they were warmly received.

　　Where there is a will, there is a way.

　　where：不能翻譯成在……地方時，通常翻譯為如果，表示在……條件下;

　　eg: Where you are confident，you will succeed.

　　eg：Where previously the bank had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects , such as dams, roads and bridges，it begin to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country.

　　concentrated on ：集中于……

　　二、結(jié)果狀語從句

　　結(jié)果狀語從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導(dǎo);so保留，that可以省略;如此……以至于……;

　　eg：He didn't abide by the contract so that he was fined.

　　He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.

　　He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.

　　比較：so和 such

　　(1)so：so +形容詞、副詞+that;so+形容詞+a/an+名詞+that;

　　eg：The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

　　He run so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.

　　It was so hot a day that crops wilted.

　　He is so lovely a boy that everyone loves him.

　　(2)such：such+a/an+形容詞+名詞+that

　　eg：It was such a hot day that crops wilted.

　　He is such a lovely boy that everyone loves him.

　　三、比較狀語從句

　　than，as…as…，not so as…，(not) the same as，the+比較級;

　　eg：Light travels fast than sound.

　　the+比較級：

　　eg：The sooner，the better.

　　(1)當(dāng)……的時候：while，when，as ;

　　when：強調(diào)一件事情正在發(fā)生的時候，另外一件事情突然發(fā)生;

　　eg：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.

　　while：強調(diào)兩個動作同時進行，一邊……一邊……;

　　eg：My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspaper.

　　as："隨時間推移"

　　eg：As time went by, the days became longer and longer.

　　(2)一……就……：as soon as，主將從現(xiàn);用directly，immediately， instantly連接兩個句子;一些名詞如the minute，the moment，the instant也可表示;no sooner… than，hardly… when后面的句子需要倒裝;

　　eg：I will write to you the moment/minute I arrived in Paris.

　　(3)特殊單詞：by the time that，every/each time(使用時后面不要再加when)

　　(4)till&until：

　　① 肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時"，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的;

　　否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"，一般用until，動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以;

　　eg: I slept until midnight.

　　Wait till I call you.

　　She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.

　　② Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首，通常用于句中;

　　eg: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

　　eg：As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.

　　四、目的狀語從句

　　可以由that，so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等詞引導(dǎo);

　　lest：以防，從句中的謂語動詞必須用should+動詞原形;

　　eg: He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

　　He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.

　　in case：以防，與lest不同，從句里的時態(tài)不做特殊變化;

　　eg：Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.

　　for feat that：和lest保持一致;

　　eg：A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.

　　let…down…：讓……感到氣餒。

　　五、方式狀語從句

　　方式狀語從句通常由as，as if，as though，the way，what引導(dǎo);

　　eg：Always do to the others as you would be done by.

　　When enter rome do as the romans do.

　　(1)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像";

　　(2)as if/though："仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的";

　　有時用虛擬語氣，有時不用;

　　eg：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. (與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

　　He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

　　(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

　　It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.