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2017年職稱英語考試考試衛(wèi)生類A閱讀判斷訓(xùn)練題
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Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.
What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the fast years of life. A child hears it spoken from moming till night and,what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance, there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as what is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
1.Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2.Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3.The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4.Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of
learning their mother tongue.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5.A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6.Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7.So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案及解析
1.A。題干：與學(xué)習(xí)外語的成年人相比，兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語很容易。利用線索詞adult和children，在第一段的段首句中發(fā)現(xiàn)children，而在隨后的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)adult。研究這兩段的語意：前一句說“為什么孩子學(xué)習(xí)母語學(xué)得這么好?”后一句接著說“當(dāng)我們把孩子和學(xué)習(xí)外語的成年人比較時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個有趣的事實”，依據(jù)這兩句判斷，該問題旬實際上是對原文中這兩個句子的總結(jié)。
2.C。題干：成年人的知識和智力阻礙了他們對外語的掌握。利用線索詞mental powers在第一段第三句中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)信息，該句大意是“在大多數(shù)情況下，智力充分發(fā)展的成年人對外語的掌握是錯誤的和不準(zhǔn)確的”。而該句的下一句引出的是成年人和兒童在學(xué)習(xí)語言方面不同的理由(第二段的段首句)，但原文中并沒提到成年人掌握外語的能力較差的原因，所以選擇C。
3.B。題干：兒童母語學(xué)得好的原因只是因為他們的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。該問題旬的說法太絕對，所以判斷答案為“錯誤”。其實這道題的答案相關(guān)句我們在前一題已經(jīng)涉及了。文章第二段的首句給出了由兩個partly引出的理由，因為不是“唯一的理由”，故選擇B。
4.A。題干：早年大量的聽力練習(xí)是兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語成功的一個原因。利用線索詞the first years oflife在第二段的第二句中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)句。該句說“早年學(xué)習(xí)母語的時間是最有益的”。接下來的一句強(qiáng)調(diào)了兒童期聽力練習(xí)的形式。所以選擇A。
5.B。題干：兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語的優(yōu)勢是可以常年上私人輔導(dǎo)課。利用線索詞all the year round在第三段的第一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句。比較原句和問題句的結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處在于“as itwere”的結(jié)構(gòu)。部分結(jié)構(gòu)的差異往往設(shè)置了陷阱。原文中asitwere的含義是“仿佛是”，而問題句說“是”，所以選擇B。
6.A。題干：手勢和面部表情可能會對兒童掌握母語有幫助。利用線索詞Gestures and facial expressions在第三段的第二句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句。該句說“兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語的另一個優(yōu)勢是可以接觸各種情景的母語，而且母語中還伴隨了正確的手勢和面部表情”�？梢娫涞恼f法與問題旬一致，所以選擇A。
7.C。題干：就語言教學(xué)而言，教師與學(xué)生的親密關(guān)系比學(xué)生接受的專門培訓(xùn)更重要。利用線索詞teachers在文章的最后一段找到相關(guān)信息，但原文只是說“教師與學(xué)生的關(guān)系。是親密的”，盡管問題句的說法并不與原文矛盾，但只能選擇C。
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