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冬至的由來(lái)英文版
在我國(guó)古代對(duì)冬至很重視，冬至被當(dāng)作一個(gè)較大節(jié)日，曾有“冬至大如年”的說(shuō)法，而且有慶賀冬至的習(xí)俗。鑒于有的小伙伴想看冬至的由來(lái)英文版，下面位大家整理了相關(guān)內(nèi)容，歡迎閱讀!
Winter SolsticeAs early as 2,500 years ago, about the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), China
Winter Solstice
As early as 2,500 years ago, about the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), China had determined the point of Winter Solstice by observing movements of the sun with a sundial. It is the earliest of the 24 seasonal division points. The time will be each December 22 or 23 according to the Gregorian calendar.
The Northern hemisphere on this day experiences the shortest daytime and longest nighttime. After the Winter Solstice, days will become longer and longer. As ancient Chinese thought, the yang, or muscular, positive things will become stronger and stronger after this day, so it should be celebrated.
The Winter Solstice became a festival during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and thrived in the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279). The Han people regarded Winter Solstice as a "Winter Festival", so officials would organize celebrating activities. On this day, both officials and common people would have a rest. The army was stationed in, frontier fortresses closed and business and traveling stopped. Relatives and friends presented to each other delicious food. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the Winter Solstice was a day to offer scarifies to Heaven and ancestors. Emperors would go to suburbs to worship the Heaven; while common people offered sacrifices to their deceased parents or other relatives. The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) even had the record that "Winter Solstice is as formal as the Spring Festival," showing the great importance attached to this day.
In some parts of Northern China, people eat dumpling soup on this day; while residents of some other places eat dumplings, saying doing so will keep them from frost in the upcoming winter. But in parts of South China, the whole family will get together to have a meal made of red-bean and glutinous rice to drive away ghosts and other evil things. In other places, people also eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour. The Winter Solstice rice dumplings could be used as sacrifices to ancestors, or gifts for friends and relatives. The Taiwan people even keep the custom of offering nine-layer cakes to their ancestors. They make cakes in the shape of chicken, duck, tortoise, pig, cow or sheep with glutinous rice flour and steam them on different layers of a pot. These animals all signify auspiciousness in Chinese tradition. People of the same surname or family clan gather at their ancestral temples to worship their ancestors in age order. After the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand banquet.
冬至，是我國(guó)農(nóng)歷中一個(gè)非常重要的節(jié)氣，也是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，至今仍有不少地方有過(guò)冬至節(jié)的習(xí)俗。冬至俗稱(chēng)“冬節(jié)”、“長(zhǎng)至節(jié)”、“亞歲”等。早在二千五百多年前的春秋時(shí)代，我國(guó)已經(jīng)用土圭觀測(cè)太陽(yáng)測(cè)定出冬至來(lái)了，它是二十四節(jié)氣中最早制訂出的一個(gè)。時(shí)間在每年的陽(yáng)歷12月22日或者23日之間。
冬至是北半球全年中白天最短、黑夜最長(zhǎng)的一天，過(guò)了冬至，白天就會(huì)一天天變長(zhǎng)。古人對(duì)冬至的說(shuō)法是：陰極之至，陽(yáng)氣始生，日南至，日短之至，日影長(zhǎng)之至，故曰“冬至”。冬至過(guò)后，各地氣候都進(jìn)入一個(gè)最寒冷的階段，也就是人們常說(shuō)的“進(jìn)九”，我國(guó)民間有“冷在三九，熱在三伏”的說(shuō)法。現(xiàn)代天文科學(xué)測(cè)定，冬至日太陽(yáng)直射南回歸線(xiàn)，陽(yáng)光對(duì)北半球最傾斜，北半球白天最短，黑夜最長(zhǎng)，這天之后，太陽(yáng)又逐漸北移。
在我國(guó)古代對(duì)冬至很重視，冬至被當(dāng)作一個(gè)較大節(jié)日，曾有“冬至大如年”的說(shuō)法，而且有慶賀冬至的習(xí)俗。《漢書(shū)》中說(shuō)：“冬至陽(yáng)氣起，君道長(zhǎng)，故賀。”人們認(rèn)為：過(guò)了冬至，白晝一天比一天長(zhǎng)，陽(yáng)氣回升，是一個(gè)節(jié)氣循環(huán)的開(kāi)始，也是一個(gè)吉日，應(yīng)該慶賀。《晉書(shū)》上記載有“魏晉冬至日受萬(wàn)國(guó)及百僚稱(chēng)賀……其儀亞于正旦。”說(shuō)明古代對(duì)冬至日的重視。
現(xiàn)在，一些地方還把冬至作為一個(gè)節(jié)日來(lái)過(guò)。北方地區(qū)有冬至宰羊，吃餃子、吃餛飩的習(xí)俗，南方地區(qū)在這一天則有吃冬至米團(tuán)、冬至長(zhǎng)線(xiàn)面的習(xí)慣。各個(gè)地區(qū)在冬至這一天還有祭天祭祖的習(xí)俗。
用英文介紹“冬至”的起源和習(xí)俗
冬 至
After this day, many places in China go through thecoldest period, which is called in Chinese, “Shu Jiu”. In total, there are nineperiods with nine days for each. In the first and second nine days, people keeptheir hands in pockets; in the third and fourth nine days, people can walk onice; in the fifth and sixth nice days, people can see willows along the riverbank; in the seventh and eighth nine days, the swallow comes back and in theninth nine days, the yak starts working.
從冬至以后，中國(guó)的絕大部分地區(qū)都會(huì)經(jīng)歷最寒冷的時(shí)期，中國(guó)人叫它”數(shù)九“。這一共有九個(gè)時(shí)期，每個(gè)時(shí)期分別有九天。在”一九“和”二九“，手放口袋就能避寒了；”三九“和”四九“，路上會(huì)結(jié)冰；”五九“和”六九“，可以看到河岸邊柳樹(shù)抽芽了；在”七九“和”八九“，燕子回歸，在最后的”九九“，牛開(kāi)始犁地。
冬至winter Solstice
冬至：Winter Solstice
“solstice”表示“the time of eitherthe longest day in the year (about June 22) or the shortest day in the year(about December 22)”。一年中最長(zhǎng)的一天（大約6月22日）或是一年中最短的一天（大約12月22日）。
因此，這個(gè)單詞的用法就很局限，基本就用來(lái)表示冬至：Winter Solstice，夏至：Summer Solstice。
冬至這天有啥傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗？
Winter Solstice is a time for the family to get together.One activity that occurs during these get togethers (especially in the southernparts of China and in Chinese communities overseas) is the making and eating of Tangyuan or balls of glutinous rice, which symbolize reunion.
冬至是家族團(tuán)聚的一天。在這天，中國(guó)南方的家庭會(huì)包湯圓、吃湯圓，以象征團(tuán)圓的意思。不過(guò)在中國(guó)北方，似乎更多的人會(huì)吃餃子。比如說(shuō)會(huì)有“冬至到，吃水餃”這樣的諺語(yǔ)。
中國(guó)人為什么比較重視冬至？
其實(shí)，但從中國(guó)文化方面講，“冬至”這個(gè)日子還可以翻譯成“Dongzhi Festival”，中國(guó)人為什么都比較重視這個(gè)節(jié)氣呢？
The origins of this festival can be traced back to theyin and yang philosophy of balance and harmony in the cosmos. After thiscelebration, there will be days with longer daylight hours and therefore anincrease in positive energy flowing in.
原來(lái)還是和“陰陽(yáng)”相關(guān)。人們認(rèn)為，過(guò)了這一天，白晝一天比一天長(zhǎng)了，是一個(gè)節(jié)氣循環(huán)的開(kāi)始，“陽(yáng)”氣逐漸回升，因此也算是個(gè)吉利的日子啦。
在我國(guó)北方，每年農(nóng)歷冬至日，都有吃餃子的習(xí)俗。
這也是為了紀(jì)念“醫(yī)圣”張仲景在冬至之時(shí)，將驅(qū)寒藥材和羊肉用面包包成耳朵樣的“嬌耳”分給百姓之事。后人學(xué)著“嬌耳”的樣子制作食物，將其叫做“餃子”或“扁食”，冬至吃餃子防凍耳朵的習(xí)俗就這樣被沿襲了下來(lái)。
很多人用英文說(shuō)餃子都喜歡用dumpling這個(gè)詞，但按照維基百科的定義，dumpling應(yīng)該是一個(gè)“集大成”的概念：原則上，任何“面皮裹餡兒”的食物都可以叫“dumpling”，比如青團(tuán)子、餛飩等。所以，用dumpling來(lái)表示中國(guó)特有的“餃子”就太過(guò)牽強(qiáng)了。
所以，冬至之日，我們想用英文表達(dá)餃子就可以說(shuō)Chinese dumpling，或者干脆直接用拼音Jiaozi.
餃子Chinesedumpling / Jiaozi
【例句】Mother served a piping hot bowl of Chinesedumplings.
媽媽端上了一碗熱氣騰騰的餃子。
冬至吃湯圓，則是我國(guó)江南地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。
湯圓也稱(chēng)湯團(tuán)，是一種用糯米粉制成的圓形甜品，“圓”意味著“團(tuán)圓”、“圓滿(mǎn)”，所以冬至吃湯圓又叫“冬至團(tuán)”。
古人有詩(shī)云：“家家搗米做湯圓，知是明朝冬至天。”每逢冬至，南方各家各戶(hù)都會(huì)做冬至團(tuán)，不但自家人吃，亦會(huì)贈(zèng)送親友以表祝福之意，老上海人在冬至這天就是最講究吃湯圓的。
上面介紹說(shuō)到“dumpling”可以表示任何“面皮裹餡兒”的食物，因此，向外國(guó)人介紹湯圓的時(shí)候可以說(shuō)sweetdumplings。當(dāng)然，湯圓是我們中國(guó)人的傳統(tǒng)美食，也可以直接用拼音Tang-yuan表示。
湯圓sweet dumplings / Tang-Yuan
【例句】In China, people eat tangyuan (sticky riceballs) to symbolize family unity and harmony.
在中國(guó)，人們吃湯圓象征著家庭的團(tuán)圓、和諧。
Eating soft dumplings in winter is verynice.
冬天吃些軟糯的湯圓很幸福。
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