冬至的由來英文版

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冬至的由來英文版

　　在我國古代對冬至很重視，冬至被當作一個較大節(jié)日，曾有“冬至大如年”的說法，而且有慶賀冬至的習(xí)俗。鑒于有的小伙伴想看冬至的由來英文版，下面位大家整理了相關(guān)內(nèi)容，歡迎閱讀!

　　Winter SolsticeAs early as 2,500 years ago, about the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), China

　　Winter Solstice

　　As early as 2,500 years ago, about the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), China had determined the point of Winter Solstice by observing movements of the sun with a sundial. It is the earliest of the 24 seasonal division points. The time will be each December 22 or 23 according to the Gregorian calendar.

　　The Northern hemisphere on this day experiences the shortest daytime and longest nighttime. After the Winter Solstice, days will become longer and longer. As ancient Chinese thought, the yang, or muscular, positive things will become stronger and stronger after this day, so it should be celebrated.

　　The Winter Solstice became a festival during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and thrived in the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279). The Han people regarded Winter Solstice as a "Winter Festival", so officials would organize celebrating activities. On this day, both officials and common people would have a rest. The army was stationed in, frontier fortresses closed and business and traveling stopped. Relatives and friends presented to each other delicious food. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the Winter Solstice was a day to offer scarifies to Heaven and ancestors. Emperors would go to suburbs to worship the Heaven; while common people offered sacrifices to their deceased parents or other relatives. The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) even had the record that "Winter Solstice is as formal as the Spring Festival," showing the great importance attached to this day.

　　In some parts of Northern China, people eat dumpling soup on this day; while residents of some other places eat dumplings, saying doing so will keep them from frost in the upcoming winter. But in parts of South China, the whole family will get together to have a meal made of red-bean and glutinous rice to drive away ghosts and other evil things. In other places, people also eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour. The Winter Solstice rice dumplings could be used as sacrifices to ancestors, or gifts for friends and relatives. The Taiwan people even keep the custom of offering nine-layer cakes to their ancestors. They make cakes in the shape of chicken, duck, tortoise, pig, cow or sheep with glutinous rice flour and steam them on different layers of a pot. These animals all signify auspiciousness in Chinese tradition. People of the same surname or family clan gather at their ancestral temples to worship their ancestors in age order. After the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand banquet.

　　冬至，是我國農(nóng)歷中一個非常重要的節(jié)氣，也是一個傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，至今仍有不少地方有過冬至節(jié)的習(xí)俗。冬至俗稱“冬節(jié)”、“長至節(jié)”、“亞歲”等。早在二千五百多年前的春秋時代，我國已經(jīng)用土圭觀測太陽測定出冬至來了，它是二十四節(jié)氣中最早制訂出的一個。時間在每年的陽歷12月22日或者23日之間。

　　冬至是北半球全年中白天最短、黑夜最長的一天，過了冬至，白天就會一天天變長。古人對冬至的說法是：陰極之至，陽氣始生，日南至，日短之至，日影長之至，故曰“冬至”。冬至過后，各地氣候都進入一個最寒冷的階段，也就是人們常說的“進九”，我國民間有“冷在三九，熱在三伏”的說法。現(xiàn)代天文科學(xué)測定，冬至日太陽直射南回歸線，陽光對北半球最傾斜，北半球白天最短，黑夜最長，這天之后，太陽又逐漸北移。

　　在我國古代對冬至很重視，冬至被當作一個較大節(jié)日，曾有“冬至大如年”的說法，而且有慶賀冬至的習(xí)俗。《漢書》中說：“冬至陽氣起，君道長，故賀。”人們認為：過了冬至，白晝一天比一天長，陽氣回升，是一個節(jié)氣循環(huán)的開始，也是一個吉日，應(yīng)該慶賀。《晉書》上記載有“魏晉冬至日受萬國及百僚稱賀……其儀亞于正旦。”說明古代對冬至日的重視。

　　現(xiàn)在，一些地方還把冬至作為一個節(jié)日來過。北方地區(qū)有冬至宰羊，吃餃子、吃餛飩的習(xí)俗，南方地區(qū)在這一天則有吃冬至米團、冬至長線面的習(xí)慣。各個地區(qū)在冬至這一天還有祭天祭祖的習(xí)俗。

　　用英文介紹“冬至”的起源和習(xí)俗

　　冬至

　　After this day, many places in China go through thecoldest period, which is called in Chinese, “Shu Jiu”. In total, there are nineperiods with nine days for each. In the first and second nine days, people keeptheir hands in pockets; in the third and fourth nine days, people can walk onice; in the fifth and sixth nice days, people can see willows along the riverbank; in the seventh and eighth nine days, the swallow comes back and in theninth nine days, the yak starts working.

　　從冬至以后，中國的絕大部分地區(qū)都會經(jīng)歷最寒冷的時期，中國人叫它”數(shù)九“。這一共有九個時期，每個時期分別有九天。在”一九“和”二九“，手放口袋就能避寒了；”三九“和”四九“，路上會結(jié)冰；”五九“和”六九“，可以看到河岸邊柳樹抽芽了；在”七九“和”八九“，燕子回歸，在最后的”九九“，牛開始犁地。

　　冬至winter Solstice

　　冬至：Winter Solstice

　　“solstice”表示“the time of eitherthe longest day in the year (about June 22) or the shortest day in the year(about December 22)”。一年中最長的一天（大約6月22日）或是一年中最短的一天（大約12月22日）。

　　因此，這個單詞的用法就很局限，基本就用來表示冬至：Winter Solstice，夏至：Summer Solstice。

　　冬至這天有啥傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗？

　　Winter Solstice is a time for the family to get together.One activity that occurs during these get togethers (especially in the southernparts of China and in Chinese communities overseas) is the making and eating of Tangyuan or balls of glutinous rice, which symbolize reunion.

　　冬至是家族團聚的一天。在這天，中國南方的家庭會包湯圓、吃湯圓，以象征團圓的意思。不過在中國北方，似乎更多的人會吃餃子。比如說會有“冬至到，吃水餃”這樣的諺語。

　　中國人為什么比較重視冬至？

　　其實，但從中國文化方面講，“冬至”這個日子還可以翻譯成“Dongzhi Festival”，中國人為什么都比較重視這個節(jié)氣呢？

　　The origins of this festival can be traced back to theyin and yang philosophy of balance and harmony in the cosmos. After thiscelebration, there will be days with longer daylight hours and therefore anincrease in positive energy flowing in.

　　原來還是和“陰陽”相關(guān)。人們認為，過了這一天，白晝一天比一天長了，是一個節(jié)氣循環(huán)的開始，“陽”氣逐漸回升，因此也算是個吉利的日子啦。

　　在我國北方，每年農(nóng)歷冬至日，都有吃餃子的習(xí)俗。

　　這也是為了紀念“醫(yī)圣”張仲景在冬至之時，將驅(qū)寒藥材和羊肉用面包包成耳朵樣的“嬌耳”分給百姓之事。后人學(xué)著“嬌耳”的樣子制作食物，將其叫做“餃子”或“扁食”，冬至吃餃子防凍耳朵的習(xí)俗就這樣被沿襲了下來。

　　很多人用英文說餃子都喜歡用dumpling這個詞，但按照維基百科的定義，dumpling應(yīng)該是一個“集大成”的概念：原則上，任何“面皮裹餡兒”的食物都可以叫“dumpling”，比如青團子、餛飩等。所以，用dumpling來表示中國特有的“餃子”就太過牽強了。

　　所以，冬至之日，我們想用英文表達餃子就可以說Chinese dumpling，或者干脆直接用拼音Jiaozi.

　　餃子Chinesedumpling / Jiaozi

　　【例句】Mother served a piping hot bowl of Chinesedumplings.

　　媽媽端上了一碗熱氣騰騰的餃子。

　　冬至吃湯圓，則是我國江南地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。

　　湯圓也稱湯團，是一種用糯米粉制成的圓形甜品，“圓”意味著“團圓”、“圓滿”，所以冬至吃湯圓又叫“冬至團”。

　　古人有詩云：“家家搗米做湯圓，知是明朝冬至天。”每逢冬至，南方各家各戶都會做冬至團，不但自家人吃，亦會贈送親友以表祝福之意，老上海人在冬至這天就是最講究吃湯圓的。

　　上面介紹說到“dumpling”可以表示任何“面皮裹餡兒”的食物，因此，向外國人介紹湯圓的時候可以說sweetdumplings。當然，湯圓是我們中國人的傳統(tǒng)美食，也可以直接用拼音Tang-yuan表示。

　　湯圓sweet dumplings / Tang-Yuan

　　【例句】In China, people eat tangyuan (sticky riceballs) to symbolize family unity and harmony.

　　在中國，人們吃湯圓象征著家庭的團圓、和諧。

　　Eating soft dumplings in winter is verynice.

　　冬天吃些軟糯的湯圓很幸福。

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