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英語(yǔ)閱讀例證題怎么做
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)閱讀中的例證題,要求學(xué)生直接從原文中找答案,這類題應(yīng)該怎么做呢?跟著小編一起學(xué)習(xí)吧!
例證題
1. 標(biāo)志:case,example,illustrate,demonstrate,exemplify
2. 解題的關(guān)鍵:不在于是否看懂例子,而在于例子所支持的論點(diǎn)。
3. 具體做題方法:返回原文,定位該例子,然后80%向上20%向下搜索該例子所支持的論點(diǎn)。然后在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找到與觀點(diǎn)意思最接近的一個(gè)作為答案。。
4. 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法:(1)列舉例子中的具體事例(2)混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)(3)列舉無(wú)關(guān)常識(shí)。
例題:
2003 text4.
57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.
[A] medical resources are often wasted
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C] some treatments are too aggressive
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
解題三步驟:
(1)閱讀題干,確定關(guān)鍵詞:
關(guān)鍵詞:example of,cancer patients
(2)定位到段(文章第二段)
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
(3)定位到句,同義替換,得出答案。
結(jié)合例證題的解題方法:返回原文,定位該例子,然后80%向上20%向下搜索該例子所支持的論點(diǎn):
首先定位例子:Physicians -- frustrated by...scientifically justified.
接下來(lái)找例子佐證的論點(diǎn):(百分之80的情況都在例子前面,百分之20會(huì)在例子后面出面)
Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.
即:由于有醫(yī)療費(fèi)用由第三方支付這個(gè)擋箭牌,我們常常要求采用一切醫(yī)療手段,即使它們不會(huì)有任何用處。
因此選A,即使沒(méi)有效果仍然采用了,會(huì)造成醫(yī)療資源的浪費(fèi)。
再看下其他選項(xiàng):
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
醫(yī)生對(duì)于致命的疾病也無(wú)計(jì)可施。
【分析】是例子本身的細(xì)節(jié),但并非舉這個(gè)例子的目的。
[C] some treatments are too aggressive
有一些治療過(guò)去大膽
【分析】這也是例子中的事實(shí),但并不是論述的目的,與題目答非所問(wèn)。
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
醫(yī)療費(fèi)用越來(lái)越支付不起
【分析】文中說(shuō)到由于第三方支付的的存在,所以采用一切醫(yī)療手段,即使是不需要的。并沒(méi)有提到醫(yī)療費(fèi)用變高問(wèn)題。
長(zhǎng)難句解析
Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
(1)句子主干:physicians offer treatment
(2)句子其他成分:兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語(yǔ);介詞“beyond”之后跟了一個(gè)“what”引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3)固定搭配:
far beyond 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出
loss of 損失
(4)切分句子:
A,先找連詞:and
B,再找介詞:to,of,in
C,先將從句切分出來(lái):and前后連接的是并列的兩個(gè)成分,前面是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),后面是動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾Physicians醫(yī)生,內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
D,再將句子細(xì)分:第一個(gè)介詞to,是不定式做后置定語(yǔ),修飾先行詞inability。第二個(gè)介詞of,是loss of的固定搭配。第三個(gè)介詞in,成分簡(jiǎn)單,不需切分。
(5)原句再現(xiàn):
Physicians -- frustrated by their inability/ to cure the disease /and/ fearing loss of hope /in the patient -- too often /offer aggressive treatment /far beyond /what is scientifically justified.
參考譯文:醫(yī)生害怕他們沒(méi)有能力醫(yī)病,也害怕患者會(huì)失去希望,經(jīng)常會(huì)采取過(guò)于極端的治療方法,而這樣本身就是對(duì)醫(yī)療資源的一種浪費(fèi)。
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