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中考英語八大詞類復(fù)習(xí)
中考英語復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)該從基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)抓起。以下是小編收集的相關(guān)信息，僅供大家閱讀參考!
1、名詞: 可數(shù)
(1)掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成
①直接在詞尾 s(boys, pencils)
②以ch, sh, s, x結(jié)尾的 es(watches, buses)
③以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾的, 變y為i es(families, cities)
④以f, fe結(jié)尾的, 變f, fe為v es(knives, leaves)
⑤不規(guī)則變化(children, women, fish, tomatoes)
注意①單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞: sheep, Chinese, Japanese.
②只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞: people, trousers, clothes, thanks.
(2)掌握名詞的所有格的兩種表示法
①有生命的人或動(dòng)物的所有格常在單詞后邊加's
②無生命的事物的所有格用of。
my mother's bag the dog's house the door of our classroom
注意, 加's構(gòu)成所有格時(shí), 如果名詞本身是以s結(jié)尾的則只加', 不加s。
(3)不可數(shù)名詞
①不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式, 且前邊不能用不定冠詞, 也不能用數(shù)詞作定語。
②作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
③使用量詞短語表示數(shù)量。
a piece of news a cup of tea
2、冠詞
(1)掌握不定冠詞a和an的用法
用在第一次提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前或泛指一類人或物及固定詞組中。
(2)掌握定冠詞the的用法
①用來特指某人或某物。
②用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名稱前。
③用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。
④用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前, 表示夫婦或一家人。
⑤某些詞組中的固定搭配。
3、代詞
(1)分清人稱代詞的主格和賓格的用法
①主格在句子中作主語。
②賓格在句子中作賓語。
(2)分清形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法
①形容詞性物主代詞后邊必須跟著它所修飾的名詞。
②名詞性物主代詞后邊不能再跟名詞。
(3)反身代詞的構(gòu)成和用法
反身代詞在句中主要起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用, 詞組有teach oneself, learn by oneself
(4)掌握以下不定代詞的基本用法
①some——一些。常用于肯定句, 可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
any——一些, 任何。常用于任何否定句, 疑問句條件句中, 可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
注意與some或any組合生成的詞(something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone), 其用法與some和any基本相同。
②each——可單獨(dú)使用, 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體, 用于兩者或兩者以上的每個(gè)人或物, 可作名詞和形容詞使用。
every——不可單獨(dú)使用, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 用于三者或以上的情況, 只能作形容詞用。
③both, all, neither, none, either, any, the other的區(qū)別。
含義對象 都 都不 任何(一個(gè)) 每(一個(gè)) 另(一個(gè))
two both neither either each the other
three all none any every another
(5)初步掌握it用來表示自然現(xiàn)象、時(shí)間、距離及作形式主語或形式賓語的用法。
It's 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
It's about 5 kilometres away.
It's raining now.
It's important to learn English well.
You'll find it easy to make a kite.
4、數(shù)詞
(1)掌握基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及基本用法。注意以下幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞的寫法:
first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, thirty-first one hundredth
(2)掌握千以內(nèi)數(shù)字的寫法:
8, 231 eight thousand two hundred and thirty-one
(3)掌握年、月、日的表達(dá)法及日常交際用語中數(shù)字的表達(dá)法:
(on) August seventh, 1979; page 58; Unit25; Class Three Grade One; the No.168 Middle School
(4)掌握下列詞組的用法:
hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, three hundred students
5、形容詞和副詞
(1)形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成及使用。
①原級: 沒有比較用原級, 特定句型用原級(as…as, not as…as, not so…as)。
②比較級: 兩者比較用比較級, 句中有"A or B"句型或than。
③最高級: 三者或三者以上比較用最高級, 句中有"A, B or C"句型或由in或of引出比較范圍。
④其它表達(dá)法: 比較級 and 比較級表“越來越……”, The 比較級, the 比較級表“越……越……”
eg: ①M(fèi)ike is tall.
This room is as big as that one.
This lesson isn't as interesting as lesson Three.
Tom doesn't run so fast as Jack.
②Which is better, this one or that one?
My sister writes more carefully than my brother.
③Who is the tallest, Jack, John or Tom?
He is the most careful in our class.
Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
④Spring is coming. It's getting warmer and warmer.
The barder he studied, the more knowledge he got.
⑤形容詞副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成
a、直接 er / est
b、以e結(jié)尾的 er / est
c、以輔音字母 y結(jié)尾的變y為i er / est
d、重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的, 雙寫 er / est
e、不規(guī)則變化
f、多音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞, 在詞前加more或most
(2)易混的副詞辨析:
①already, 多用于肯定句, yet多用于否定句或疑問句中
②too, also, either都表示“也”
too和also都用于肯定句中, too常放在句尾, also常放在句中, either用于否定句的句尾。
6、介詞
(1)表示時(shí)間的介詞in, on, at
in——用于較長一段時(shí)間, 星期, 月份, 季節(jié), 年, 朝代世紀(jì)或非特指的早、午、晚等。
on——具體某一天或具體某一個(gè)早、午、晚。
at——在某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間或某個(gè)瞬間。
eg: in 1988, in the 21st century, in winter, in March, in the moring, on Saturday evening, on the May seventh, on a windy night, on the afternoon, of October 31st, at eight o'clock, at night, at noon, at the end of, at this moment, at this time, at the age of
(2)in與after表示“以后”時(shí)的區(qū)別
in——表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以后”, 常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)中。
after——常用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中, 表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之后。
eg: We'll come back in two weeks.我們將在兩周后回來。
They came back after two weeks.兩周以后, 他們回來了。
(3)ago與before表示“在……以前”時(shí)的區(qū)別
ago——表示從現(xiàn)在算起的“以前”, 常常是“一段時(shí)間 ago”
before——表示以過去為起點(diǎn)的“以前”時(shí), 常常是“一段時(shí)間 before”, 如果是:”“before 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間”, 則只表示在某一點(diǎn)以前。
eg: He went to the library 2 hours ago.
He said he had gone to the library 2 hours before.
They will start before eight o'clock tomorrow morning.
I went to bed before nine yesterday evening.
(4)for與during
for 一段時(shí)間常表示“持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間”, 而during則表示在……期間
eg: He has been in Beijing for 3 years.
I was in Beijing during last summer.
(5)in與at表示方位時(shí)
at——與小的地點(diǎn)連用, 有“在某一點(diǎn)”的含義。
in——與大的地方連用有“在…范圍之內(nèi)”的含義。
He was lost at the station.
The twins were born in a big city.
(6)over, above與on表示“在……上”的區(qū)別。
over——指沒有接觸面的正上方, 反義詞是under。
above——指沒有接觸面的上方, 在高一些的位置, 反義詞是below。
on——指有接觸面的, 在……的表面上。
The plane is above the clouds.
The bridge is over the river.
The cup is on the table.
(7)熟練掌握介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞搭配構(gòu)成的詞組, 另外還要注意, 介詞的后邊要跟名詞作它的賓語, 如果是動(dòng)詞, 則要變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞(doing)的形式。
如: She is good at singing.
I'm good at English.
7、連詞
(1)掌握連詞的含義與用法
and(和, 并), but(但是), or(否則, 或者), so(所以, 于是), when(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候), either…or(或者……或者, 不是……就是), neither…nor(既不……也不……), so…that(如此……以致于……)
8、動(dòng)詞
(1)熟練掌握動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞, 第三人稱單數(shù), 過去式, 和過去分詞的構(gòu)成。注意牢記不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞。
(2)掌握四類動(dòng)詞的一般用法:
①實(shí)義動(dòng)詞——分為及物和不及物兩種, 在句中作謂語。
②連系動(dòng)詞——be, look, feel, get, turn, become, keep等, 在句中與表語一起構(gòu)成相當(dāng)于謂語部分的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
③助動(dòng)詞——幫助謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的時(shí)態(tài)和否定句, 疑問句, 不能單獨(dú)使用, 也無含義。
④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞——可以說是一種特殊的助動(dòng)詞, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 后邊必須跟動(dòng)詞原形, 而且本身不但有含義而且可以直接構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法, 一定要熟記
1)begin to do sth 2)start to do sth
3)decide to do sth 4)want to do sth
5)(would) like to do sth 6)forget to do sth
7)remember to do sth 8)love to do sth
9)learn to do sth 10)need to do sth
11)try to do sth 12)try not to do sth
13)stop to do sth 14)ask sb.to do sth
15)ask sb.not to do sth 16)like sb.to do sth
17)teach sb.to do sth 18)tell sb.to do sth
19)tell sb.to do sth 20)want sb.to do sth
21)help sb.(to) do sth 22)let sb.do sth
23)have sb.do sth 24)make sb.do sth
25)had better do sth 26)had better not do sth
27)feel / hear sb.do sth 28)watch / see sb.do sth
29)why not do sth 30)be busy doing sth
31)see / watch sb doing sth 32)feel / hear sb doing sth
33)enjoy doing sth 34)finish doing sth
35)keep (sb) doing sth 36)go on doing sth
37)stop doing sth 38)like doing sth
39)begin doing sth 40)start doing sth
41)prevent sb from doing 42)stop sb / sth from doing sth
43)spend時(shí)間 / 金錢(in) doing sth 44)It takes sb. some time to do sth.
45)It is good (wrong, easy, difficult, important…) to do sth
46)It is time (for sb.) to do sth 47)be used for doing sth
48)will / would you please do sth 49)what about (doing) sth
(4)能夠區(qū)別使用下列動(dòng)詞
1)tell, say, speak, talk
2)bring, take, carry
3)lend, borrow, keep
4)listen, listen to, hear, hear from, hear of
5)look, look at, see, watch, notice
6)reach, arrive(in / at), get to
7)look for, look after, look at, look up
8)put on, put up, put down, put away, put into
9)look for, find, find out, found
10)take off, take away, take down
11)try on , put on, wear, dress, get dressed
12)ask for, send for
13)get back, give back, take back
14)be made in, be made of, be made from, be made by
15)get on, got off, get into, get out of
16)get in, get up, get on…with
17)go down, go on, go out
18)look out, look out of
19)turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down, turn to, turn over
20)send out, sent to , send away, send up, send for
21)fill…with… be full of… be filled with…
22)get sb.sth give sb.sth, buy sb.sth
23)be in, be out, be away, be over, be up
24)wear out, sell out
25)worry about the worried about
26)cost, pay, spend, take
(5)注意延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(段動(dòng)詞)與瞬間動(dòng)詞(點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞)在用法上的區(qū)別。
瞬間動(dòng)詞有: join, buy, come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, open, closed, become, borrow, lend, die, get等。
記住: 瞬間動(dòng)詞(點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞)不能與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。
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