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2017上半年CATTI二級(jí)筆譯考試考前訓(xùn)練
part 1 translation from english into chinese 2 hours
read the following two passages.
translate them into chinese.
write you answers on this paper.
you may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.
passage 1
artificial speech
because speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. the primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. you will simply talk to it. the device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.
just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. but soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those it-based services you currently connect with over the internet by means of a keyboard. this will help the internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks.
changes like this will encompass the whole world. because english is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.
within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. we’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.
there are those in the it community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. personally, i believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. but it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we’re developing now.
small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. most economies have both types of markets. but the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.
developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. so, compared with farmers in canada, poor farmers in bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.
what limits market opportunities? the transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. and barriers to entry for new participants. what increases them? institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency.
1. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia’s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.
然而，在岡比亞最大的城市塞萊昆達(dá)他所居住的地方，人們到處都在談?wù)撝?ldquo;歐洲賺錢容易”這個(gè)話題。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該句的重點(diǎn)在于詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換譯法：關(guān)鍵詞---talk
如果將該詞譯成漢語(yǔ)的名詞，一是聽(tīng)起來(lái)很蹩腳，不符合漢英行文的習(xí)慣，二是不符合英譯漢技法的要求。這一點(diǎn)在我們講授英譯漢部分時(shí)曾經(jīng)重點(diǎn)談到一個(gè)例句：
The woman’s extramarital affairs with her boss soon became talk of the town.
這個(gè)女人與其老板的關(guān)系很快傳遍全城。或，大街小巷都在談?wù)撝@個(gè)女人與其老板的風(fēng)流韻事。
2. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow’s.
他們中的大多數(shù)都有著與杰羅先生相似的經(jīng)歷。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該句中定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞“echo”是關(guān)鍵詞。原意為“回聲”“回響”，但在本句中要在上下文的語(yǔ)義基礎(chǔ)上引申為“與。。。相似”的含義。我們?cè)谑谡n過(guò)程中曾講過(guò)，英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的寫作思路是：首尾呼應(yīng)法，即：The first paragraph echoes the last paragraph.
3. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers’ union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men.
“那里要什么有什么,”安達(dá)盧西亞農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人工會(huì)的領(lǐng)袖迭戈·卡納梅洛說(shuō),該組織努力在為這些人爭(zhēng)取生活的權(quán)利，
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該句中的“advocate”原意為“擁護(hù)”“倡議”，但在此句中應(yīng)該根據(jù)前文正確理解為“為。。。爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利”。 我們?cè)v過(guò)這樣一個(gè)例句：We must advocate for the poor and powerless.我們必須為那些貧窮以及無(wú)權(quán)無(wú)勢(shì)的人爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利。
4. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters.
此時(shí)，他朝他的鄰居們搖了搖頭，他并不想與記者交談。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這句話中的定語(yǔ)從句是非限定性的，它的功能是修飾前邊句子中的主語(yǔ)“he”，而不是“his neighbors”。我們?cè)谟⒆g漢分句譯法中給了大量的例句重點(diǎn)講解定于從句的譯法。當(dāng)時(shí)我們?cè)v到很多類似的例句，如：The woman has two sons who are working in the United States. The woman has two sons, who are working in the United States.這兩句乍一看，似乎完全相同，但仔細(xì)推敲，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)：第一個(gè)句子是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)句子是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。第一句應(yīng)譯為：這名婦女有兩個(gè)在美國(guó)工作的兒子。(言外之意，他可能還有其他子女)，第二句應(yīng)譯為：這名婦女有兩個(gè)兒子，都在美國(guó)工作。(只有兩個(gè)兒子)。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用可以修飾前邊句子中的某一個(gè)名詞或代詞，也可能修飾靠它很近的名詞，一切取決于上下文的含義。
5. But Mr. Ca?amero says they are offered only the least desirable work, like handling pesticides, and little of it at that.
但卡納梅洛說(shuō)，那里的人只給他們提供人家最不愿意干的工作,如處理殺蟲劑,而且也只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)活兒而已。大多數(shù)人沒(méi)有工作簽證。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該句中一個(gè)可能不被考生注意的環(huán)節(jié)就是“at that”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。它在句子中的位置一般是句尾，但語(yǔ)氣較弱。我們授課時(shí)給學(xué)員提供了多種并列及轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞用法，其中包括：and, besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s more, additionally, in addition, …at that等。
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